Comparison of Positive-Pressure, Passive Ultrasonic, and Laser-Activated Irrigations on Smear-Layer Removal from the Root Canal Surface

Sharonit Sahar-Helft, DMD,1 Aysxe Sena Kabasx Sarp, PhD,2 Adam Stabholtz, DMD1, Vitaly Gutkin, PhD,3 Idan Redenski, BSc,1,4 and Doron Steinberg, PhD4
1 Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
2 Bog ̆ azic ̧i University, Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering Cxengelko ̈y, Istanbul, Turkey.
3 The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
4 Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery Volume 33, Number 3, 2015