Bacterial Adhesion on Smooth and Rough Titanium Surfaces After Treatment With Different Instruments

Poliana Mendes Duarte,* Andre ́ Figueiredo Reis,† Patr ́ıcia Moreira de Freitas,‡ and Claudia Ota-Tsuzuki*
* Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
† Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University.
‡ Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sa ̃o Paulo, Sa ̃o Paulo, SP, Brazil.

J Periodontol • November 2009